Microprocessor

Introduction:

computer is a machine that is capable of accepting data, processing it and displaying the appropriate output. It can also store data and perform a set of complex calculations to accomplish complicated tasks. These calculations are performed by Central processing Unit (CPU) of the system. CPU is also known as the microprocessor which is the heart of the system. Microprocessor accepts input from input devices such as keyboard or mouse in the form of data and instructions. It processes the data using instructions and sends the processed information to the output device such as the monitor or printer.
Microprocessors process the data using instructions. It retrives the data and instructions from the RAM. RAM is a temporary storage area that the system uses to store data and instructions.

Microprocessor sockets:
The socket on the motherboard connects the microprocessor to the motherboard. The micro processor has pins that enter the motherboard using witch the microprocessor communicates with the system.
these motherboards use the Zero Insertion Force ( ZIF ) or the Low Insertion Force ( LIF ) to install processor on the motherboard. The ZIF uses a lever to install or remove the microprocessor. The microprocessor must be installed and removed using a little force.

Socket 1 -
Socket 1 supportts microprocessors that have 169 pins. In this socket, the pins are arranged in three rows. Socket 1 supplies maximum 5 volts to the microprocessor. This socket supports the 80486SX, 80486DX, 80486DX2, 80486DX4 OverDrive microprocessor.

Socket 2 -
Socket 2 supports microprocessors that have 238 pines. In this socket, the pins are arranged in four rows. Socket 2 supplies maximum 5 volts to the microprocessor. This socket supports the 80486DX, 80486SX, 80486DX2, 80486DX4 OverDrive, Pentium OverDrive 63, and Pentium OverDrive 83 microprocessors.

Socket 3 -
socket 3 supports microprocessors that have 237 pines. In this socket, the pins are arranged in four rows. Socket 3 supplies 3.3 to 5 volts to the microprocessor. The voltage can be adjusted using jumpers on the motherboard. This socket supports the 80486DX, 80486SX, 80486DX2, 80486DX4, AMD 5x86, Pentium OverDrive 63 and Pentium OverDrive83 microprocessors

Socket 4 - Socket 4 supports microprocessors that have 273 pins. In this socket, the pins are arranged in four rows. Socket 4 supplies maximum 5 volts to the microprocessor. This socket supports the Pentum 60-66, Pentium OverDrive 120 and Pentium Overdrive 133 microprossors

Socket 5 - Socket 5 supports microprocessors that have 320 pins. In this socket, the pins are arranged in five rows. Socket 5 supplies maximum 3.3 volts to the microprocessor. This socket supports the Pentum 75-133MHz, Pentium OverDrive 125-166 and Pentium with MMX Overdrive 125-166 microprossors

Socket 6 - Socket 6 supports microprocessors that have 235 pins. In this socket, the pins are arranged in four rows. Socket 6 supplies maximum 3.3 volts to the microprocessor. The Pentium microprocessor was used on an increased scale. As a result, no processors supported this socket

Socket 7 - Socket supports microprocessors that have 321 pins. In this pins are arranged in five rows. Socket 7 supplies 2.5 to 3.3 volts to the microprocessor uses 3.3 volts. This socket supports the Pentium 75-200MHz, Pentium OverDrive, Pentium with MMX, Pentium with MMX OverDrive, K5, K6, 6x86, and 6x86MX microprocessors.

Socket 8 -
Socket 8 supports microprocessors that have 387 pins. In this socket, the pins are arranged in five rows. socket 8 supplies 3.1 to 3.3 volts to the microprocessor. The socket supports the Pentium Pro microprocessors. The socket 8 is more rectangular in shap then the other sockets.

socket 370 - Socket 370 supports microprocessors that have 370 pins. In this socket, the pins are arranged in six rows.The microprocessorss for this socket are similar to those used on slot 1. The microprocessors for this socket have the L2 cache built into the microprocessor. This socket supports Celeron 2 and Pentium III microprocessors.

Socket 462 - Socket 462 is also known as Socet A. The socket has 462 pins, of which 9 pines are blocked to prevent accidental insertion of Socket 370 CPUs. Total 453 pins are available. The microprocessors for this socket hae the L2 cache built into the microprocessor. These microprocessors can be installed only in their respective sockets. This socket supports the Athlon and Duron microprocessors.

Socket 478 - Socket 478 supports microprocessors that have 478 pines. The microprocessors for this socket have the L2 cache built into the microprocessor. These microprocessors are similar to socket 423 microprocessors. The socket 423 microprocessors are larger in size than socket 478 microprocessors. socket 478 is currently used with Intel Pentium 4 microprocessor

Socket 754 - Socket 754 is developed by AMD. It supports 64 bit computing processors. It is mainly used with the AMD Athlon 64 or Semperon processors. The socket consists of 754 pins and is of PGA - ZIF type. The voltage range for this type of sockets is 0.8 to 1.55 volts. It supports 800MHz bi-directional hyper transport technology support.

Socket 775 - Socket LGA 775 is developed by Intel. It is used with the latest processors such as the Intel Pentium 4 Extreme Edition processors, Intel Pentium D processors, Intel Pentium processors,and the Intel Pentium 4 processors with Hyper Threading technology, This sovket also supports the 64 bit computing technology.

Socket 939 - Socket 939 is developed by AMD. It supports 64 bit computing. It is used with AMD Athlon 64, AMD Athlon 64 FX and AMD Athlon 64 X2 processors. It is also used with some AMD Opteron processors. It contains 939 pins and is of PGA - ZIF type. It has an operating voltage range of 0.8 to 1.55 volts. It supports 64KB L1 cache as well as 64KB data cache and a L2 cache up to 1 MB. These types of sockets support 3D technology for better graphic resolution.

Microprocessor Slots:

Microprocessor such as Intel Pentium II, III, Xeon, Celeron and AMD Athlon are installed on cards. The card with the microprocessor on it is installed on the motherboard. The microprocessor and the card from a complete processor unit. The card is built in with the L2 cache. Frequently accessed data is stored in this cache which increase the speed of data processing.

Slot 1 -
Slot 1 supports microprocessors that have 242 pines. The microprocessor is mounted on a card that uses Socket 8. Slot 1 supplies 2.8 to 3.3 volts to the microprocessor. This slot supports the Pentium II, III and Celeron microprocessors.

Slot 2 -

Slot 2 supports microprocessors that have 330 pins. This slot supports the pentium Xeon microprocessors. This slot is found on server motherboards.

Slot A -
Intel patented the slot 1. This allowed only Intel to manufacture microprocessors that used this slot. AMD created Slot A to support the Athlon microprocessors. This slot is similar to Slot 1. Slot A usese the EV6 protocol. EV6 enables the microprocessor and RAM to communicate at an increased speed.